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Research paperLarge Language Models1 source · Oct 8, 2026

Is Memorization Context-Sensitive? Prefix-Based Extraction Beyond Isolated Prefixes

Large language models (LLMs) can expose memorized training sequences under prefix-based extraction: given a prefix from a training example, the model may assign high probability to the original continuation.

Key points

  • This motivates examining whether contextual conditioning mitigates memorization or merely changes the set of memorized samples that become extractable.
  • We investigate this issue through paired item-level measurements of probabilistic suffix extraction.
  • For each prefix-suffix pair, we score the target suffix under an empty prompt and under retrieved contexts of varying relevance, across three open-weight instruction-tuned models.
  • We find that context does not simply erase memorization.

Sources (1)

  • [1]Is Memorization Context-Sensitive? Prefix-Based Extraction Beyond Isolated Prefixes
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 8, 02:57 PM
    Large language models (LLMs) can expose memorized training sequences under prefix-based extraction: given a prefix from a training example, the model may assign high probability to the original continuation.
    This motivates examining whether contextual conditioning mitigates memorization or merely changes the set of memorized samples that become extractable.

Extractive summary: sentences quoted from the sources.

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