ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models · Robotics & Embodied AI · Efficiency & Inference1 source · Oct 8, 2026

An Investigation of Model Coherence: Narrow Finetunes Contradict Themselves Under Resampling

A large body of research measures model coherence based on output variance without adequately considering competing causes.

Key points

  • We identify two such causes, ambiguity and indifference, and we introduce a set of 175 questions where contradicting answers cannot easily be explained by either.
  • Even so, we find narrow finetunes score poorly.
  • Inspecting inconsistencies flagged by our method, we find that model organisms from the literature display severe issues such as identity conflation, introspection failures and rationalizations.
  • These findings suggest that the pathologies induced by narrow finetuning may limit what these models can tell us about coherent misaligned behaviour.

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