ResearchResearch paperSpeech & Audio1 source · Oct 6, 2026

Conversation Is a Two-Body Problem: Dyadic Evaluation of Full-Duplex Dialogue Models

Full-duplex spoken dialogue models listen and speak at the same time, enabling voice agents to have natural, low-latency interactions that turn-based systems cannot offer.

Key points

  • These single-sided frameworks evaluate only half of a two-body problem, where turn-taking, overlap, and interruption are joint products of two coupled speakers.
  • We propose DyaFDB, a framework that evaluates full-duplex models in a dyadic setup: two models converse directly under assigned roles with cooperative or conflicting goals, and both sides are scored offline with an external judge.
  • We instantiate four tasks as 140 scenarios and record 7,560 conversations, covering six self- and cross-play pairings.
  • We will release the scenarios, role prompts, and recording protocols between two full-duplex models, without any pre-recorded audio.

Sources (1)

  • [1]Conversation Is a Two-Body Problem: Dyadic Evaluation of Full-Duplex Dialogue Models
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 6, 10:44 AM
    Full-duplex spoken dialogue models listen and speak at the same time, enabling voice agents to have natural, low-latency interactions that turn-based systems cannot offer.
    These single-sided frameworks evaluate only half of a two-body problem, where turn-taking, overlap, and interruption are joint products of two coupled speakers.

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