ResearchResearch paperInterpretability · Retrieval, RAG & Search · Large Language Models1 source · Oct 6, 2026

UniCounting: Instance-Aware Proposal Consolidation for Image-Query-Free Multi-Category Counting

We present UniCounting, which casts counting as instance-aware structural inference over an over-complete proposal set.

Key points

  • Visual counting is commonly formulated as counting a single specified target, with a model receiving an image-specific exemplar, text query, or target category and returning a single count.
  • We instead study fixed-vocabulary image-query-free multi-category counting.
  • A 3,267-parameter category-shared relation head predicts same-instance affinities from instance-mask-derived supervision.
  • On COCO clean500, UniCounting obtains lower point-estimate vector $\ell1$ error and absent-class false mass than calibrated OWLv2-All80, with comparable micro presence F1.

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