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Research paperLarge Language Models · Reinforcement Learning1 source · Oct 6, 2026

MaRK: Markov-adapted Recurrent Kernels for Dynamic Operator Conditioning in State Space Models

We introduce MaRK (Markov-adapted Recurrent Kernels), a dynamic operator-conditioning framework that maps context vectors directly into bounded modulations of a frozen SSM's recurrence ($A$), read-in ($B$), read-out ($C$), skip ($D$), and discretization ($Δ$) parameters.

Key points

  • State Space Models (SSMs) offer an efficient alternative to Transformers for sequence modeling, yet conditioning pre-trained SSMs for iterative generation typically operates outside the recurrent operator, through input injection or activation modulation.
  • Viewed through the lens of LPV-SSM systems, MaRK induces a context-indexed family of Markov parameter sequences, allowing each diffusion timestep to reshape the model's input-output memory kernel.
  • We instantiate MaRK on a frozen 111M-parameter Hydra SSM backbone and study three adapter geometries: Hypernet, Chebyshev polynomial, and Discrete Cosine Transform kernels.
  • Through synthetic LPV recovery experiments and Markov-operator diagnostics, we show that MaRK recovers coordinate-invariant temporal operators under matched assumptions and produces distinct, stable timestep-conditioned memory profiles.

Sources (1)

  • [1]MaRK: Markov-adapted Recurrent Kernels for Dynamic Operator Conditioning in State Space Models
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 6, 08:46 PM
    We introduce MaRK (Markov-adapted Recurrent Kernels), a dynamic operator-conditioning framework that maps context vectors directly into bounded modulations of a frozen SSM's recurrence ($A$), read-in ($B$), read-out ($C$), skip ($D$), and discretization ($Δ$) parameters.
    State Space Models (SSMs) offer an efficient alternative to Transformers for sequence modeling, yet conditioning pre-trained SSMs for iterative generation typically operates outside the recurrent operator, through input injection or activation modulation.

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