ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models · Interpretability · Training & Scaling1 source · Oct 7, 2026

CAFE+FNO: Fourier Kernel Generation via Multiplicative Feature Composition

The Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) learns solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs) through Fourier-space kernel parameterization, but frequency truncation can limit the learning of high-frequency variations.

Key points

  • AM-FNO and SirenFNO generate kernels for all grid modes from spectral coordinates using shared networks, making coordinate encoding and generator design important.
  • Recent work on implicit neural representations (INRs) has proposed constructing frequency interactions through explicit feature composition rather than relying on subsequent MLPs to form them implicitly.
  • Building on this approach, we propose CAFE+FNO, which incorporates Content-Aware Frequency Encoding+ (CAFE+) into Fourier kernel generation.
  • We compare CAFE+FNO with existing FNO variants on five PDE benchmarks and conduct ablation studies on basis configuration, multiplicative composition, and bandwidth learnability.

Sources (1)

  • [1]CAFE+FNO: Fourier Kernel Generation via Multiplicative Feature Composition
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 7, 01:57 PM
    The Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) learns solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs) through Fourier-space kernel parameterization, but frequency truncation can limit the learning of high-frequency variations.
    AM-FNO and SirenFNO generate kernels for all grid modes from spectral coordinates using shared networks, making coordinate encoding and generator design important.

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