ResearchResearch paperImage, Video & 3D Generation1 source · Oct 6, 2026

RefRoute: Decoupling Conditioning Cost from References via Compact Residual Conditioning and Spatial Routing

We present RefRoute, a framework that addresses both reference representation cost and attention overhead through two complementary mechanisms.

Key points

  • Multi-reference image generation requires preserving the appearance of multiple subjects while composing them into a coherent scene.
  • Compact residual conditioning combines low-resolution latent tokens with lightweight residual features extracted from full-resolution pixels, reducing reference token counts while retaining fine-grained appearance cues.
  • We further introduce RefRoute-Data for training many-reference generation models and ManyRef100, a benchmark spanning human, object, and mixed compositions with 10-17 references.
  • These results establish compact reference representations and spatially routed attention as an effective approach to scalable many-reference image generation.

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