ResearchResearch paperAgents & Tool Use1 source · Oct 6, 2026

From Evidence to Action: How Tool-Using Agents Fail

Tool-using agents make consequential changes to external state, yet correct outcomes do not guarantee that their actions were supported by evidence established beforehand.

Key points

  • We study where this evidence-to-action chain breaks as agents move from deciding whether to act to executing single actions and dependent workflows.
  • Once required evidence is obtained, single-action execution is usually reliable, while multi-action workflows additionally expose unresolved prerequisites and incomplete execution.
  • For this analysis, we introduce SafeActBench, comprising 656 cases across six operational domains and five protocols that progress from static action judgment and investigated non-action to single- and multi-action workflows.
  • A provenance-bound Evidence Ledger and deterministic trajectory evaluator track what information was established, when actions occurred, and whether downstream dependencies were satisfied.

Sources (1)

  • [1]From Evidence to Action: How Tool-Using Agents Fail
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 6, 04:50 AM
    Tool-using agents make consequential changes to external state, yet correct outcomes do not guarantee that their actions were supported by evidence established beforehand.
    We study where this evidence-to-action chain breaks as agents move from deciding whether to act to executing single actions and dependent workflows.

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