ResearchResearch paperEvaluation & Benchmarks · Large Language Models · Interpretability1 source · Oct 6, 2026

CHARTER: Auditing Reference Substitution in Hierarchical Compact-Evidence Evaluation for Computational Pathology

In hierarchical compact-evidence pipelines, candidate filtering introduces a strategy-specific candidate-conditioned prediction alongside the original full-bag prediction.

Key points

  • In digital pathology, compact evidence is often used to explain or audit predictions made by whole-slide image multiple instance learning models.
  • If the evaluation reference changes while the intended target remains the original full-bag prediction, however, not only can the measured fidelity of the same compact evidence change, but comparisons between competing candidate strategies can also change.
  • To make this dependence explicit, we introduce CHARTER, a reference-aware evaluation charter that asks researchers to DECLARE the intended target and reference, QUANTIFY candidate-induced prediction shift, and AUDIT the stability of comparative conclusions.
  • Across the 15 comparisons in our main five-seed Random-K audit, 4 showed determinate reversals; in a matched native-ranking stress test, the ACMIL comparison changed from REVERSED to PRESERVED.

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