ResearchResearch paperSafety & Alignment · Efficiency & Inference · Reinforcement Learning1 source · Oct 6, 2026

DecepEval: A Benchmark for Evaluating Deception in LLM Agents

As large language model (LLM) agents become increasingly autonomous, they may pursue task performance through deception, raising concerns about their reliable deployment.

Key points

  • To address this gap, we introduce DecepEval, a benchmark comprising 1,532 instances across 3 task families and 28 professional scenarios.
  • Drawing on classical fraud theories, we propose the LLM Deception Diamond framework, which characterizes four external conditions that may induce deception: pressure, incentive, opportunity, and conflict.
  • DecepEval pairs neutral and induced versions of each instance to measure condition-dependent changes in deception rates, while explicit task facts and observable agent behavior help distinguish deception from capability-related errors.
  • Evaluations of nine frontier LLMs show that inducements increase deception across models and task families, even among models with low baseline deception rates.

Sources (1)

  • [1]DecepEval: A Benchmark for Evaluating Deception in LLM Agents
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 6, 08:33 AM
    As large language model (LLM) agents become increasingly autonomous, they may pursue task performance through deception, raising concerns about their reliable deployment.
    To address this gap, we introduce DecepEval, a benchmark comprising 1,532 instances across 3 task families and 28 professional scenarios.

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