ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models1 source · Oct 7, 2026

Continual Learning without Continual Training

Instead, we propose replacing continual training with continual inference: a PFN-based model that is meta-trained, and then frozen, adapting to new classes only by extending an in-context evidence set.

Key points

  • Continual learning requires models to adapt to new domains and new classes while retaining prior knowledge.
  • Our model, Latent Concept PFN, performs in-context Bayesian inference over a latent concept space that captures semantic structure shared across domains and classes.
  • The same method handles both domain and class incremental continual learning without task identity.
  • Experiments on class and domain incremental learning datasets demonstrate competitive continual learning performance while learning interpretable latent concepts.

Sources (1)

  • [1]Continual Learning without Continual Training
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 7, 04:39 PM
    Instead, we propose replacing continual training with continual inference: a PFN-based model that is meta-trained, and then frozen, adapting to new classes only by extending an in-context evidence set.
    Continual learning requires models to adapt to new domains and new classes while retaining prior knowledge.

Extractive summary: sentences quoted from the sources.

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