ResearchResearch paperEvaluation & Benchmarks · Interpretability · Training & Scaling1 source · Oct 8, 2026

Credit Attribution in Timestamped Soccer Networks Using Multivariate Hawkes Processes

The two main traditional player statistics used in soccer are goals scored and assists, with an assist credited when a player's pass immediately leads to a teammate scoring.

Key points

  • Attributing credit solely to the player who makes the final pass before a goal fails to account for the contributions of multiple players in the buildup to the goal.
  • In this paper, we use multivariate Hawkes processes (MHPs) to model timestamped sequences of passes and shots, which form continuous-time networks.
  • MHPs provide a branching mechanism where an event (a pass or shot) can be generated as a child of a previous event, which allows us to quantify each pass's contribution to a subsequent pass or shot.
  • Building on this framework, we propose expected goal involvements (xGI), a metric that measures a player's involvement in creating goal scoring opportunities based on their passes.

Sources (1)

  • [1]Credit Attribution in Timestamped Soccer Networks Using Multivariate Hawkes Processes
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 8, 10:34 PM
    The two main traditional player statistics used in soccer are goals scored and assists, with an assist credited when a player's pass immediately leads to a teammate scoring.
    Attributing credit solely to the player who makes the final pass before a goal fails to account for the contributions of multiple players in the buildup to the goal.

Extractive summary: sentences quoted from the sources.

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