ResearchResearch paperTraining & Scaling · Large Language Models · Robotics & Embodied AI1 source · Oct 9, 2026

SeoulMMOD: A Large-Scale Multimodal Origin-Destination Flow Benchmark

Origin-destination (OD) flow forecasting supports urban mobility decisions by predicting the volume and patterns of human movement across a city.

Key points

  • We introduce SeoulMMOD, a large-scale public benchmark for citywide multimodal mobility in Seoul.
  • SeoulMMOD provides three years of hourly OD flows estimating total mobility for 6 urban travel modes across 25 districts and 426 sub-districts, together with travel-time, travel-distance, calendar, rainfall, and point-of-interest (POI) signals.
  • Using SeoulMMOD, we benchmark 14 forecasting baselines under a common protocol and analyse the effects of spatial scaling, joint versus mode-separate training, and cross-year generalization.
  • Results show that several spatio-temporal models that work at district level do not scale to sub-district OD forecasting, and that naive joint multi-mode training does not consistently improve accuracy.

Sources (1)

  • [1]SeoulMMOD: A Large-Scale Multimodal Origin-Destination Flow Benchmark
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 9, 03:27 PM
    Origin-destination (OD) flow forecasting supports urban mobility decisions by predicting the volume and patterns of human movement across a city.
    We introduce SeoulMMOD, a large-scale public benchmark for citywide multimodal mobility in Seoul.

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