ResearchResearch paperMultimodal Models · Computer Vision1 source · Oct 9, 2026

OccludeBench: Can VLMs Find What's Missing?

How well can vision-language models (VLMs) reason about what is missing from an image?

Key points

  • We study this question with OccludeBench, a manually curated benchmark for recovering fully occluded objects from the visual evidence that remains.
  • OccludeBench distinguishes direct cases, where the hidden object must be recovered from a specific physical cue such as a shadow or reflection, from inferential cases, where it can be inferred from broader scene context.
  • To locate this failure, we introduce OccludeTrace, a four-stage diagnostic that isolates where the visual reasoning process breaks down.
  • Together, our results establish a tractable, controlled diagnostic for isolating how VLMs reason about visual content that is missing from an image.

Sources (1)

  • [1]OccludeBench: Can VLMs Find What's Missing?
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 9, 04:04 PM
    How well can vision-language models (VLMs) reason about what is missing from an image?
    We study this question with OccludeBench, a manually curated benchmark for recovering fully occluded objects from the visual evidence that remains.

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