ResearchResearch paperInterpretability · Computer Vision1 source · Oct 8, 2026

CARE: Constrained Attention Refinement for Fine-Grained Visual Classification via Teacher-Student Distillation

To address this problem, we propose CARE, a constrained attention refinement framework for interpretable fine-grained recognition via teacher-student distillation.

Key points

  • Fine-grained visual classification requires models to recognize subtle local traits while exposing the visual evidence behind their predictions.
  • Class-specific attention pathways provide a natural basis for interpretable recognition, but their constrained prediction structure limits discriminative capacity and underuses intermediate representations from strong pretrained backbones.
  • CARE keeps the final prediction and explanation within a class-specific attention student, while introducing a training-only auxiliary query teacher that reads selected intermediate DINOv2 layers with learnable queries.
  • To further refine the explanation pathway, we design diversity and sparsity terms to regularize student attention heads, reducing redundancy and encouraging compact trait localization.

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