ResearchResearch paperReinforcement Learning1 source · Oct 8, 2026

Higher-Order Action Supervision Makes A Strong Policy Class

In this paper, we show that simultaneously supervising both zeroth- and first-order actions can dramatically enhance policies' performance and control robustness.

Key points

  • Modern data-driven decision-making methods, such as imitation learning (IL) and reinforcement learning (RL), have achieved great success in solving many complex tasks.
  • We argue that this instability issue stems largely from their limitations in solely supervising and optimizing zeroth-order actions (i.e., the action labels), failing to account for higher-order action dynamics and temporal consistency.
  • To achieve this, we introduce a novel and elegant loss scheme supported by formal theoretical guarantees that can equip any off-the-shelf policy model (e.g., deterministic, stochastic, or flow policies) with the capability for higher-order action supervision, without requiring any structural modifications.
  • Extensive evaluations on OGBench and D4RL demonstrate that our approach yields substantial performance and robustness improvements across a wide range of continuous control environments.

Sources (1)

  • [1]Higher-Order Action Supervision Makes A Strong Policy Class
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 8, 03:32 AM
    In this paper, we show that simultaneously supervising both zeroth- and first-order actions can dramatically enhance policies' performance and control robustness.
    Modern data-driven decision-making methods, such as imitation learning (IL) and reinforcement learning (RL), have achieved great success in solving many complex tasks.

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