AION
Research paperLarge Language Models1 source · Oct 8, 2026

Harness Compilation: Which Decisions Should a Small Vision-Language Model Keep?

We introduce Harness Compilation (HC), an offline procedure that adapts the division of work between a frozen small VLM and its external harness.

Key points

  • Small vision-language models may be able to read external evidence yet struggle to obtain it.
  • Across seven visual question-answering settings with students of at most 9B parameters, HC improves scores over bare students by 9.9-23.9 points, averaged over three independent builds per setting.
  • Interventions on five runtime decision types (invocation, selection, argument generation, evidence integration and abstention) show why this allocation matters: requesting evidence and generating open queries can be costly, whereas bounded choices and reading supplied text can remain useful student work.
  • Recompilation for a new student model helps when the transferred interface no longer fits the student.

Sources (1)

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