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Research paperRetrieval, RAG & Search1 source · Oct 8, 2026

Autoregressive Retriever: Improving Query Understanding from Item Feedback for Universal Multimodal Retrieval

We introduce the AutoRegressive Retriever (ARR), a multimodal retrieval model that learns both to select informative items and to use their content to refine subsequent retrieval.

Key points

  • Universal multimodal retrieval typically encodes a query once and ranks independently indexed items by embedding similarity.
  • ARR alternates between retrieving an item and updating the query embedding, then uses the final embedding to rank the collection.
  • ARR demonstrates strong retrieval performance on both in-domain and zero-shot benchmarks, outperforming the compared baselines on average.
  • Further analyses show that feedback improves retrieval at inference time and that training with feedback also improves the initial query embedding, before any item is observed.

Sources (1)

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