ResearchResearch paperEfficiency & Inference · Reasoning & Planning1 source · Oct 8, 2026

LEVER: Adaptive Cost-Aware Proof Search Over AND/OR Graphs

We propose LEVER, a proof search algorithm that makes the objective over correct proofs programmable and optimizes it during search.

Key points

  • Mathematicians value proofs for more than correctness: among correct proofs, simplicity, purity and the computational cost of finding them vary widely.
  • LEVER scores partial proofs over an AND/OR proof graph, combining realized objective values with predictions for open subgoals, so the objective guides search before a proof is complete.
  • The same mechanism optimizes computational cost, proof length, topical impurity, and even their weighted combinations, while the Lean kernel enforces correctness.
  • Overall, LEVER is a performant, cost-efficient and tunable proof search algorithm for navigating the space of correct proofs.

Sources (1)

  • [1]LEVER: Adaptive Cost-Aware Proof Search Over AND/OR Graphs
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 8, 12:40 PM
    We propose LEVER, a proof search algorithm that makes the objective over correct proofs programmable and optimizes it during search.
    Mathematicians value proofs for more than correctness: among correct proofs, simplicity, purity and the computational cost of finding them vary widely.

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