ResearchResearch paperInterpretability · Computer Vision · Multimodal Models1 source · Oct 7, 2026

$Δ$Representation: Geometry Supervised Representation Learning of Phenotypes via Counterfactual Reasoning for Medical VLMs

To address this gap, we propose $Δ$Representation, a visual phenotype representation learning framework based on counterfactual reasoning for medical VLMs. It comprises BaseAnatomy, a geometry-supervised representation learning module, and $Δ$Phenotype, a counterfactual incremental representation learning module.

Key points

  • Medical vision-language models (VLMs) have shown increasing potential for radiological image interpretation.
  • Medical VLMs encode radiological images into visual representations that capture both anatomical and phenotypic information for diagnosis.
  • Existing approaches improve pathological phenotype representations through semantic-guided representation alignment.
  • BaseAnatomy provides fine-grained geometric supervision through spatial relationships across and within anatomical structures. $Δ$Phenotype computes the representation increment between lesion representations and their corresponding normal anatomical representations, and supervises increments associated with the same phenotype to cluster in the representation space.

Sources (1)

  • [1]$Δ$Representation: Geometry Supervised Representation Learning of Phenotypes via Counterfactual Reasoning for Medical VLMs
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 7, 03:49 PM
    To address this gap, we propose $Δ$Representation, a visual phenotype representation learning framework based on counterfactual reasoning for medical VLMs. It comprises BaseAnatomy, a geometry-supervised representation learning module, and $Δ$Phenotype, a counterfactual incremental representation learning module.
    Medical vision-language models (VLMs) have shown increasing potential for radiological image interpretation.

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