ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models1 source · Oct 8, 2026

One Model to Loop Them All: Elastic Latent Recurrence for Language Models

We present Elastic Latent Recurrence (ELR), a recipe for training looped language models without this tax.

Key points

  • A latent recurrent language model applies a shared block of layers repeatedly, so one checkpoint can trade inference compute for accuracy by changing the loop count.
  • At one loop, an ELR model costs the same to serve as a non-recurrent model of the same size and, trained on the same data, reaches similar accuracy.
  • Each additional loop then buys more accuracy for more inference compute.
  • At inference, keeping only the last loop's attention KV cache holds attention KV memory at its one-loop level while retaining most of the gain from additional loops.

Sources (1)

  • [1]One Model to Loop Them All: Elastic Latent Recurrence for Language Models
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 8, 06:05 PM
    We present Elastic Latent Recurrence (ELR), a recipe for training looped language models without this tax.
    A latent recurrent language model applies a shared block of layers repeatedly, so one checkpoint can trade inference compute for accuracy by changing the loop count.

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