ResearchResearch paperLarge Language Models · Speech & Audio · Retrieval, RAG & Search1 source · Oct 8, 2026

Representation Alignment from a Few Paired Data via Distilled Optimal Transport

Aligning two independently pretrained unimodal encoders typically demands millions of paired examples.

Key points

  • In this paper, we study the regime where only $N \sim 100$--$500$ pairs are available, while unpaired data on either side is abundant.
  • We additionally put this marginal constraint in relation with the one-step hub corrections of the bilingual lexicon induction literature.
  • Pairing is required only for the anchors: the unpaired collections may be drawn independently from the two marginals, so that no item outside the anchor set needs to have both of its modalities observed.
  • We evaluate on image-text and molecule-text alignment, where our method outperforms existing approaches at the same anchor budget on Flickr30k, MS-COCO and ChEBI-20.

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