ResearchResearch paperAgents & Tool Use · Safety & Alignment · MLOps, Tooling & Infrastructure1 source · Oct 9, 2026

Co-Modifying Application Code and Deployment Infrastructure: A Causal Study of AI Agent Pull Requests

Because agents lack deployment awareness, attempting cross-domain modifications introduces unverified dependencies into asynchronous integration pipelines.

Key points

  • Current software engineering agents are evaluated predominantly inside isolated sandboxes against synchronous local tests.
  • However, deploying features in collaborative repositories requires modifying continuous integration (CI/CD) pipelines, containers, and provisioning manifests alongside application logic.
  • To isolate the causal integration overhead of dual-scope pull requests (PRs)-modifying both application code and deployment infrastructure-we evaluated 26,999 PRs across two large datasets (AIDev v5 and MOSAIC-3M) encompassing six agent architectures and an aligned human baseline.
  • Using a deterministic four-tier file taxonomy and an exact 4D strata-matching framework, we isolated integration metrics under conditional exchangeability while controlling for application volume.

Sources (1)

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