ResearchResearch paperRobotics & Embodied AI1 source · Oct 9, 2026

ATHLETE: Learning Reactive Humanoid Tennis via Trajectory-Guided Motion Matching

Inspired by how humans acquire new skills by combining reusable motor experience with task-specific demonstrations, we present ATHLETE, a framework for learning reactive humanoid tennis from generic locomotion data and ordinary tennis videos.

Key points

  • Humanoid tennis requires reactive whole-body coordination under rapidly changing ball dynamics, yet collecting task-specific motion-capture demonstrations that cover diverse approach states, contact locations, and timing conditions is costly.
  • ATHLETE combines LAFAN1 locomotion with video-derived striking motions and uses Trajectory-Guided Motion Matching (TGMM) to construct diverse task-conditioned whole-body references.
  • These references are transformed into a reactive policy through physics-based teacher--student learning with online DAgger distillation, followed by PPO fine-tuning for the tennis task.
  • On a real humanoid robot, ATHLETE achieves forehand and backhand hit rates of $90.00%$ and $86.67%$, respectively, and enables multi-shot rallies with human players.

Sources (1)

  • [1]ATHLETE: Learning Reactive Humanoid Tennis via Trajectory-Guided Motion Matching
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 9, 01:25 PM
    Inspired by how humans acquire new skills by combining reusable motor experience with task-specific demonstrations, we present ATHLETE, a framework for learning reactive humanoid tennis from generic locomotion data and ordinary tennis videos.
    Humanoid tennis requires reactive whole-body coordination under rapidly changing ball dynamics, yet collecting task-specific motion-capture demonstrations that cover diverse approach states, contact locations, and timing conditions is costly.

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