ResearchResearch paperAgents & Tool Use · Safety & Alignment1 source · Oct 9, 2026

X-AgentRed: Red-Teaming Personal Agents in Evolving Multi-Service Ecosystems

To address this, we propose X-AgentRed, a self-evolving red-teaming framework that discovers harmful tool call paths through a graph of tool dependencies and expands and refines them using execution feedback.

Key points

  • Personal agents increasingly connect to services across the web and applications by using tools.
  • Proactively identifying these compositional failures requires systematically exploring diverse cross-service paths.
  • By analyzing each tool's effects, potential harms, and preconditions for execution, the red-teaming agent constructs a directed graph that captures how one tool's effects can satisfy another's execution preconditions.
  • Across four frontier agentic models, X-AgentRed achieves $1.77\times$ the harmful path rate of STAC and explores a more diverse set of tools, yielding $2.99\times$ the tool coverage on average.

Sources (1)

  • [1]X-AgentRed: Red-Teaming Personal Agents in Evolving Multi-Service Ecosystems
    arXiv (AI, ML, NLP, CV, robotics, multi-agent) · Oct 9, 05:34 PM
    To address this, we propose X-AgentRed, a self-evolving red-teaming framework that discovers harmful tool call paths through a graph of tool dependencies and expands and refines them using execution feedback.
    Personal agents increasingly connect to services across the web and applications by using tools.

Extractive summary: sentences quoted from the sources.

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