ResearchResearch paperTraining & Scaling · Large Language Models · Efficiency & Inference1 source · Oct 8, 2026

CARE: A Lightweight Plug-in Gated Correction and Uncertainty-aware Module for Long-term Time Series Forecasting

We present CARE (Corrective branch with Aligned context and Relative-error Estimation), a lightweight plug-in that enhances any deterministic forecaster without architectural redesign.

Key points

  • Multivariate long-horizon forecasting is critical to electricity load scheduling and traffic flow management, and to financial risk control.
  • Operating in parallel with the base model, CARE resamples historical context to match the forecast horizon, learns residual correction patterns from this aligned history, and applies scale-aware bounded updates modulated by per-coordinate sigmoid risk gates.
  • A multi-objective loss jointly optimizes forecast accuracy, residual tracking, risk alignment, and base-model anchoring.
  • Its risk gates reliably identify high-error regions: on Weather, the highest-gate tertile exhibits nearly four times the error of the lowest-gate tertile, offering planners an interpretable per-step trust signal.

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