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Research paperInterpretability · Training & Scaling · Evaluation & Benchmarks1 source · Oct 6, 2026

Beyond Marginal Monitoring: Distributed Joint-Distribution Testing for Data Concept Drift in Large Scale E-Commerce Operations

Concept drift threatens production machine learning, yet the empirical behavior of multivariate two-sample drift detectors at scale remains under-characterized.

Key points

  • Existing benchmarks rarely address the hundreds of millions of rows and high-cardinality features typical of industrial-operational datasets.
  • We evaluate five multi-column two-sample tests (marginal, projection-based, and kernel embedding methods) across three complementary environments: the Harvard Dataverse, a validated Failing Loudly reproduction (mean absolute error between 0.030 and 0.053), and a novel synthetic-injection benchmark on the 137.5-million-row Trendyol collection-ranking feature table.
  • Testing four drift types across two severity-scope regimes, we demonstrate that distributed Maximum Mean Discrepancy with Random Fourier Features on Apache Spark scales robustly.
  • Conversely, the per-dimension Kolmogorov-Smirnov test failed due to statistic saturation from ID-like columns under asymmetric sampling, establishing a critical constraint for large-scale sampling design.

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