ResearchResearch paperInterpretability1 source · Oct 9, 2026

The Predictability Bias of Joint-Embedding Predictive Learning in Medical Imaging

Joint-embedding predictive architectures (JEPAs) learn by predicting teacher representations of masked regions from visible context.

Key points

  • We call this constraint predictability bias.
  • In computed tomography (CT), recurrent anatomy is predictable from context, whereas the sporadic, localized pathology that determines clinical interpretation often is not.
  • We introduce TAP-JEPA, a ViT-B/3D trained on 113,611 CT volumes that is competitive with state-of-the-art encoders (COLIPRI, Merlin, VoxelFM) in scan-level classification.
  • Replacing visible matched-control representations increases surrounding-target prediction loss more than fully replacing pathology representations across four pathology categories.

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